self portrait

Self-Portrait

Rembrandt (Rembrandt van Rijn)  (Dutch, Leiden 1606–1669 Amsterdam)

Date:

1660

Medium:

Oil on canvas

Dimensions:

31 5/8 x 26 1/2 in. (80.3 x 67.3 cm)

Classification:

Paintings

Self-Portrait

Henri Fantin-Latour  (French, Grenoble 1836–1904 Buré)

Date:

ca. 1858

Medium:

Oil on canvas, laid down on canvas

Dimensions:

Overall 10 3/8 x 8 3/8 in. (26.4 x 21.3 cm); original canvas 10 x 7 7/8 in. (25.4 x 20 cm)

Classification:

Paintings

 

Self-Portrait

Anthony van Dyck  (Flemish, Antwerp 1599–1641 London)

Date:

ca. 1620–21

Medium:

Oil on canvas

Dimensions:

47 1/8 x 34 5/8 in. (119.7 x 87.9 cm)

Classification:

Paintings

1.       Why did you select the inspiration pieces?

a.       I liked the different angles that each piece showed.

2.       Why did you select the media to create your self-portrait?

a.       Honestly, it’s the only thing that was easy to get to in my apartment. I have started packing and have packed some of my art supplies.

3.       What challenges did you face in creating your self-portrait and how did you overcome them?

a.       The shading was rather hard. I had few options in color and tried my hardest to match. Some aspects came out really well while others didn’t.

4.       How does this piece represent you?

a.       I think the background is a better representation. It is very bold and know where it wants to go, but needs refining. Which is exactly how I feel about my life.

5.       What elements and principles of art did you apply in this work?

a.       Color, texture, shading

6.       Did you enjoy working on this project?

a.       Painting is still difficult but I like blending the colors on the canvas

7.       What do you think of your final artwork?

a.       It needs more work. I can see the start to a decent piece but it has a long way to go. 

reflections of class

Step 2:

Questions and Topics for Your Blog Posting:

1. What were you expectations for this course and where they met?

I expect to learn how to appreciate art more. I expect this to be a course that teaches us about the different styles and techniques and gives us basic skills on how to look at art and see what the painter saw and how they created their work.

I think for the most part these were met. I think I expected to spend more time on the topics as the course went really fast. 

2. Now that you've been through this course, What is art? How would you define it now compared to your intial posting?

 Art is what we create. It can come in many forms and is often messy(at least for me). Art is what makes this world beautiful. Art is all around us.

Art is still so many things to me. It Is scultpture, paintings, masks. It can be here one second and gone the next. Art is ever changing.

3. Who was your favorite artist in your original posting and who is your favorite visual artist now? If there is a difference, why do you think so? If you have the same favorite artist, why do you think so?

Favorite Artist: Edgar Degas. I love the way that he depicts movement, especeially with his paintings of bellerinas. I think that the techniques he used make his paintings seem life like. 

I still really like Degas. I appreciate the style of painting that he does, and the way he represents movement. I am not a fan of abstract and Degas is all about showing real life and the way that we actually see it. 

4. Now that you've completed this course, how do you feel about taking an online course? Is your answer the same as it was in your first posting? How is it the same or different?

 I am normally ok with online courses, although this one seems to be different. In other courses the content and activities were all on angel and other forums were not required. I think after I get a hand on how these other forums work I will do very well in this course also

This art course was more involved than others I have taken. In the beginning I struggled with aligning my time with the deadlines. Toward the end I started to do better and turn assignments in on time. I think that I had so much going on in the beginning that I pushed this to the last second and I learned that I couldn't do that with this class. 

critique

I reviewed The World of Nature by Kailee Wainwright, Perfectly Imperfect by Nicole Pacensia, and Relaxation is a Cure to Happiness by Edmund Barfour

I selected The World is Nature because it grabbed my interest the most and I had also done an exhibit on nature and I liked seeing the images that Kailee choose and how they differed from mine.

I found it very hard to find things to critique about. I thought that I was nit-picking her work while I thought that most of it was very good.

I don't really like to critique others works. I don't want others to tell me what is wrong with mine and there-fore would rather not do it to others work

Yes I would like to read the critique of my work. It would let me know what others thought, and how I could have improved upon my exhibit.

I would rate my article at about an 8. I found it very hard to fill two pages.

I did enjoy working on this project, yet I wish it had come sooner in the semester.

Week Fifteen video reviews

1. For each video list/discuss the key concepts you learned.

The Colonial Encounter: Views of Non-Western Art and Culture: This video explored different aspects of non-western art and culture. A key concept I learned was about the world fair. The 1900 the Paris World Fair ran for 8 months with 15 million visitors. The colonial factions exposed the underlying nationalism of the event. Half the area was devoted to French imperialism while the rest represented other nations' colonies.

Greenberg on Art Criticism: An Interview by T. J. Clark: In this video, T. J. Clark discusses the evolution of art criticism and issues surrounding modernist painting. This program documents their conversation, spotlighting Clement Greenberg’s reflections on his career and its place in the wider arenas of art theory, art journalism, and the philosophy of aesthetics. Clement Greenberg states that writing about art is much tougher than writing about literature or music.

2. Do the videos relate to the creation of your Art Criticism project? If yes, explain how. If no, explain why not.

The videos were successful in helping me to understand what art criticism is and how exactly it works. In the future I would suggest a video where they are actively criticizing the work so we know what we are looking for.

3. What is your opinion of the films? Do they add depth to understanding of art criticism?

I thought the videos were successful in exploring the different aspects of understanding art criticism. For example, the interview with Greenberg has taught me that it is very difficult and it should involve a lot of critical thinking.

Land, Land, All Around Journal

I found it difficult to find as many pictures as I did. I used three sources for pictures and searched through many internet libraries. I wanted to show the beauty that is in nature. All of my paintings are very calming.
I choose a very neutral theme and in some used a gradual green color to pick up the green pops in some pieces. I think that this was harder than I thought it was going to be. Trying to stay to the theme was the hardest part because there are so many great works out there.

video blog

1. for each video list/discuss the key concepts you learned.

The Lowdown on Lowbrow: West Coast Pop Art – This movie explains the meaning of lowbrow and how it originated. Artist Anthony Aussang says it is essentially reactionary to highbrow culture. The definition is, "a person regarded as uncultivated and lacking in taste. The term lowbrow is said to be used by someone who could not find a better term.

Displaying Modern Art: The Tate Approach - A key concept that I learned from this video is that modern art in the MOMA from 1929 onwards was generally displayed in chronological order that represented each different art movement. Art is displayed on white walls with flexible lighting. The Museum of Modern art attracts a lot of curious visitors and the staff there always deals with huge crowds.

Bones of Contention: Native American Archaeology - I learned that Native Americans' bones were collected as a scientific curiosity during the U.S. genocide against Indians. Over the past 150 years, the bones of tens of thousands of American Indians accumulated in the name of science.

And Mind: Philippe de Montebello and The Metropolitan Museum of Art - From this video I learned about Philippe de Montebello. He was born in France and educated in Harbor. He served for 31 years as Director of The Metropolitan Museum of Art, marking his reputation as the 8th and longest director.

2. Do the videos relate to the creation of your Art Exhibition project? If yes, explain how. If no, explain why not.

The videos relate to the creation of art exhibition because all the videos show how arts are collected and displayed, and styles of displaying art such as the MOMA style and the thematic approach of art.

3. What is your opinion of the films? Do they add depth to understanding of the art concepts you practiced while creating your curation project?

I thought the videos were in general entertaining and informative to watch. I especially liked watching the video about lowbrow art because I did not know such form of art existed before. 

Mod 12

1.            Explain why you selected each of the TWO videos you choose from the selection listed above.

a.            The two videos I chose were Uncertainty: Modernity and Art and Andy Worhol: Images of an Image. I chose Uncertainty because I wanted to know the direction that art is going into the future. I chose the Andy Warhol Video because I love his work. I have been obsessed with his work since tenth grad when I went on an Art Club trip to the museum in Pittsburg. To some his work may not seem like art but to me it grabs my attention and I’m looking for all the imperfections and differences in each different piece.

2.            For each video list/discuss the key concepts you learned.

a.            Andy Warhol never wanted to be an artist; instead he wanted to be a tap dancer. Andy was obsessed with repetition. One of the ways we can see this is in a work he created after Marilyn Monroe's death, he created a piece with the repetition of Marilyn's face. Marilyn's face made Warhol famous. Andy used screen printing in many of his works. Screen was originally made of silk, but it is now a finer material of fine or coarse mesh, depending on the desired effect. In, 1963, he bought a movie camera and shot about 10 films and turned his friends into movie stars. Andy did not value celebrities as everyone else did. He saw them as everyday objects. Turning his friends into stars shows this.

b.           In the Modern art film, I learned that all art will be connected to the past in some way due to the styles of art. Modern freedoms and ideas allow people to have much more freedom with the art they create than in the past which can make the art much better for now and into the future.

3.            How do the videos relate to the readings in the text?

a.            The book and video both discussed how Warhol and the work he did with Marilyn Monroe. They both discussed the advertisement aspect associated with art. The video just goes further in-depth.  The videos relate to the readings because they add visual imagery to what the books states when it discusses modern and post-modern art.

4.            What is your opinion of the films? How do they add depth to understanding of the readings and art concepts? 

a.            I enjoyed watching this video because it takes a more in depth look into certain aspects of Pop Art, including the famous artist, Andy Warhol. These videos do provide me with much more knowledge of each subject than the readings. I’m a fan of videos rather than reading because it helps me understand the concepts.

exhibit visit

Questions about the exhibit:

1.       What is the title of the exhibit?

a.       Legion

2.       What is the theme of the exhibition?

a.       The way that we view nature now that we are so connected to media and Kelly Richardson’s idea that we cannot tell the difference between the two.

Step 2: The Gallery

Questions about the physical space:

1.       What type of lighting is used?

a.       The Exhibit is kept dark, making it easier to view the streaming videos.

2.       What colors are used on the walls?

a.       Black

3.       What materials are used in the interior architecture of the space?

a.       There wasn't much to the room, or that we could see in the dark. The only other objects are a few seats.

4.       How is the movement of the viewer through the gallery space?

a.       The gallery invites you to sit down and observe the video for a while.

Step 3: The Artwork

Questions about the artwork:

1.       How are the artworks organized?

a.       Each work is set in its own room with the video projected onto a screen.

2.       How are the artrworks similar?

a.       They all examine the real world but with changes, at a quick glance some of the images seem real, then things that should be constant will flicker and disappear. It puts together the real with common day media.

3.       How are the artworks different?

a.       They examine different environments.

4.       How are the artworks framed?

a.       Not Applicable

5.       How are the artworks identified and labeled?

a.       There is a sign posted outside of the gallery, they are not labeled in each room as there is not enough light to read in the rooms

6.       What is the proximity of the artwork to each other?

a.       They are in different rooms, so one does not interrupt the viewing of another.

Step 4: Art Criticism Exercise

Artist: Kelly Richardson

Title of work: Leviathan

Media: High-definition video with audio

Date: 2011

Size: 3 large screens

Source of picture (URL): http://www.albrightknox.org/image/?action=resize&m_w=800&m_h=600&path=/uploads/images/exhibitions/richardson/3_Leviathan_install1.jpg

               

1.       Description – Describe what you see.  (subject matter)? At first it appears to be a bog with trees, but it doesn't stay still. The water shimmers and moves. This may be peaceful to some as the audio is relaxing, yet the green lends an eerie aspect to the work

2.       Formal analysis – (form) What principles and elements were used and how are they used?

a.       Value

b.      Texture

c.       Rhythm

3.       Bracketing - Is there anything in or about this work that reminds you of anything else? Do you see any symbols, metaphors, or allegories?  (iconography)

4.       This is obviously meant to be a bog although it is computer animated.

5.       Interpretation - (content) What do you think the artist was trying to say?

a.       The same as with the rest in this exhibit, she is examining where the cross over from nature and media lies.

Artist: Kelly Richardson

Title of work: The Erudition

Media: High-definition video with audio

Date: 2010

Size: 3 large screens

Source of picture (URL): http://www.albrightknox.org/image/?action=resize&m_w=800&m_h=600&path=/uploads/images/exhibitions/richardson/4_Erudition_install1.jpg

               

1.       Description – Describe what you see.  (subject matter)?

a.       White trees on a landscape. The trees with flicker and disappear and then reappear after a while.

2.       Formal analysis – (form)  What principles and elements were used and how are they used?

a.       Color

b.      Texture

c.       Space perspective

3.       Bracketing - Is there anything in or about this work that reminds you of anything else? Do you see any symbols, metaphors, or allegories?  (iconography)

a.       It reminds me of trees, yet when they disappear it reminds me of something from a Science fiction work.

4.       Interpretation - (content)  What do you think the artist was trying to say?

a.       Would we miss a tree or two if they are removed, even if it’s done right in front of our eyes?

Artist: Kelly Richardson

Title of work: Twilight Avenger

Media: High-definition video with audio

Date: 2008

Size: one large screen

Source of picture (URL): http://www.albrightknox.org/image/?action=resize&m_w=800&m_h=600&path=/uploads/images/exhibitions/richardson/5_TwilightAvenger_still.jpg

               

1.                   Description – Describe what you see.  (subject matter)?

a.                   A green glowing deer in a forest.

2.                   Formal analysis – (form)  What principles and elements were used and how are they used?

a.                   Color

b.                  Texture

c.                   Space perspective

3.                   Bracketing - Is there anything in or about this work that reminds you of anything else? Do you see any symbols, metaphors, or allegories?  (iconography)

a.                   The green deer reminds me of cartoons when something smells bad and they have green gas coming off of them.

4.                   Interpretation - (content)  What do you think the artist was trying to say?

a.                   The deer is the only thing that moves in this video and it makes one ask if the deer is fake or are the trees.

Questions and Topics for Your Blog Posting:

1.       http://www.albrightknox.org/exhibitions/exhibition:02-15-2013-kelly-richardson-legion/

2.       Answer this question: What did you think of visiting the Gallery and purposefully looking at the exhibition from a different perspective - the physical space, the architecture, theme, etc.?

a.       It was a little different, yet with the gallery I chose they were forcing you to look at the art work. The other galleries and areas were more brightly lit and one could see more than one work in a place. 

11

1)      Explain why you selected each of the TWO videos you choose from the selection listed above.

a)      I chose to watch Dada and Surrealism and Expressionism because I liked reading about them in the text. I had considered looking more into each and decided this was a great way to do so.

2)      For each video list/discuss the key concepts you learned.

a)      Dada and Surrealism: The video discusses the motives and reasoning behind both Dada and Surrealism. This was a period of time where artists began to experiment with their subconscious mind. The result was various art works that seemed to have very little direction or reasoning behind them. However, audiences then and now still enjoyed them. These works were different and caused the audience to see things in a different light. It also mentions that Dada flourished primarily in Switzerland, New York City and Berlin in the 20th century

b)      Expressionism: The video describes the emotion that is behind the artists' use of color. This is a subjective art form that distorts reality for an emotional effect. These pieces were created to make the audience think. They weren't pieces that were meant solely for quick glances or to be understood on the first look. There is meaning behind the bright colors, and I enjoyed seeing how the colors effect the audience's emotions. 

3)      How do the videos relate to the readings in the text?

a)      The videos take a deeper look into each of the concepts. They can go more in-depth and show us more examples than the book can. It also can put visuals to the words that we are reading.

4)      What is your opinion of the films? How do they add depth to understanding of the readings and art concepts?

a)      Although long, the videos are very helpful to learning the material in the book. Being able to pick which ones we want to watch is helpful too, that way we don’t sit through ones we are not interested in. 

mask

a.  

      This mask is made of leather. The imprints and burns on it make the image stand out really well. I really liked the texture in the background of the mask.

b.     

This mask is made of metal of some sort. The depth of the mask with the different parts seemingly to be wielded together really grabbed my attention

c.      

This mask is made of wood. The shape of this mask was most like the shape of the first.

I started with a cone head then decided to add more of myself to it. I changed it to a chef hat and added texture to that with the use of a collage. I wish I had the time and materials to push the mask into the next level. Over all the mask is something that is a mix of the masks I found through my search with a touch of what I like to do

Mod 10

1.       Explain why you selected each of the TWO videos you choose from the selection listed above.

a.       African Art: Legacy of Oppression and African Art.

                                                               i.      I chose these videos because I wanted to learn more about African Art. It’s not exactly what we would see from a European art, which is what I think of when I think of an art gallery. I think the shapes that are used are very different and cool to look at. The sculpture is also very interesting to me.

2.       For each video list/discuss the key concepts you learned.

a.       African Art: Legacy of Oppression:

                                                               i.      The Tervuren Museum houses the largest collection of African art. Many art is naturalistic in style. The Congo region is home to over 250 cultures. Has a lot of emotion. How to give a psychological approach to art. Allows to tell a great deal by taking the figure away from reality. The mask of two sides is very interesting. One is of healthy the other is of disease, of small pox and disfigurement. It is made to show that it could happen to you so don’t judge. It’s a great life lesson for everyone being shown in just a mask.

b.      African Art

                                                               i.      Art is in everyday life. One can see it in the decoration of the houses, the everyday objects like pots, hair styles, clothing styles and other ornaments. Art is especially important in religious rituals. Many of the objects in museums were once used in these rituals. Many of these were made of wood and straw. These are often less than 200 years old because of the material that is used.

3.       How do the videos relate to the readings in the text?

a.       The videos relate to the reading in a way that both talks about the origin of African art and the meaning to their art. Also, both show how African arts are not natural but primitive.

4.       What is your opinion of the films? How do they add depth to understanding of the readings and art concepts?

a.       I liked both video and how they all explain African art and its symbolic meaning. The video adds depth in understanding the reading by showing how most of African arts are made and the reason behind each art.

hand study

1. What was it like using your hand as subject matter for a drawing?

It was rather hard as my hand can move and is not stable like a still life. 

2. What media did you select - pencil or charcoal? Why?

Charcoal. I like the way I can manipulate it batter than pencil

3. How did it feel to create a drawing with your non-dominant hand?

This was very hard and it is not as good as my other hand and the proportions are all off.

4. Compare and contrast your final drawings. Do you think they are successful studies?

I would have liked to spend more time on them. Yet I can definitely see the one hand taking shape while the other looks like a kid drew it. 

5. Would you consider using your non-dominant hand to create artwork in the future?

No, MY non-dominant hand can be useful to add little details but is not good for precise works. 

Mod 9

1. Explain why you selected each of the TWO videos you choose from the selection listed above.

I chose these movies because I went to Italy during spring break and they were both big influences in the culture there. I wanted to continue learning about them.

2. For each video list/discuss the key concepts you learned.

The Drawings of Michelangelo:  One of the key concepts I learned was of the British Museum, which is the home of many collections of fine prints and drawings. The museum holds more than 90 drawings by Michelangelo. His work can be viewed by students today; however back in Michelangelo’s time, his work was kept away from everyone. The video further talks about how his surviving drawings ranged from rough preparatory sketches to fully accomplished works of art.

Leonardo da Vinci: The Mind of the Renaissance: This video is informative on the great life of Leonardo da Vinci and his beautiful pieces of works. At the age of 20, Leonardo was accepted into the painter’s guild. He directed his first painting in the studio. Furthermore, the video talks about how Leonardo spent many hours, sometimes days, thinking about his painting without picking up a brush

3. How do the videos relate to the readings in the text?

The videos relate well to the text in regards to proving information that are full and rich in content. Reading the texts helps you understand the content through words and strong vocabulary, while the videos take the words of the information on the text and takes it to the next level by providing visual understanding.

4. What is your opinion of the films? How do they add depth to understanding of the readings and art concepts?

I believe the learning experience becomes more fun by reading the text and following that up with the videos afterwards. This allows us to better comprehend all the information. I often get lost because there are many paragraphs to read and there is bound to be a few vocabulary words that I am not familiar with. However with the videos, I can hear people talking and explaining the content.

1. Explain why you selected each of the three videos you choose from the selection listed above.

Late Gothic Art and Architecture: England, 1400-1547 – I was really interested in watching this video because there are certain elements of Gothic Art which fascinates me the most.

More Human Than Human – I chose this video because the title really seemed unique.

Cairo Museum – I chose to watch this video because of the title. Museums are really interesting places because they portray different and important pieces of history extremely well. 

2. For each video list/discuss the key concepts you learned.

Late Gothic Art and Architecture: England, 1400-1547 – This video explored late Gothic Art of England within the time period between 1400 and 1547. One of the key concepts I learned was that the tombs, sculptures, and stained glass at St. Mary’s Warwick celebrate the life of the Earl of Warwick. I also learned about the greatest individual artist named Hans Holbein, who was German. Holbein made two visits in England to try his luck in court circles. 

Cairo Museum – The key concepts I learned from this video is the different pieces of historical aspects that the Cairo Museum in Egypt holds. For example, the video states that the museum is a world-renowned cultural center that is filled with some of the ancient world’s most precious artifacts. These artifacts include: the famed burial mask of King Tutankhamen and the Royal Mummies of Luxor. The collection within this museum is so large that it has traditionally shown only half of its holdings at any one time.

More Human Than Human - This program seeks to understand why unrealistic figures are so prominent throughout the evolution of painting and sculpture. One of the many key concepts I learned from this video was the first images of the human body. During the early 1900s, there were three Austrian archaeologists and they embarked on a journey to hope to make an important find. Later they visited the Danube River valley in 1908, and one of the men ended up finding a complete statue of a female figure. The statue was made 25,000 years earlier and they called her ‘The Venus of Willendorf’.

3. How do the videos relate to the readings in the text?
The videos give a more visual meaning to the readings in the text because the text is just a lot of words with several pictures. However, in the videos there are images and real life footage that are shown and also people who do commentary in the background, which makes the content more rich and better to learn from. 

4. What is your opinion of the films? How do they add depth to understanding of the readings and art concepts?
The videos were very informative and interesting to watch as they explored a variety of different aspects from different time periods of history. For example, the Gothic Art video was, I think, the most informative video out of them all because it explored into deep meanings within art works that was created during the middle ages. The other videos were also informative such as the ‘more human than human’ video, which a part of it talked about how the three archeologists found the statue of the female figure. I thought that was pretty scary because it proves the fact that there may many hidden figures all around the world from ancient times. The Ciao Museum video was my favorite because I love museums and I believe that they are informative in teaching us the important aspects of history. It is a museum that I would love to visit someday

Video review March 16th.

1. For each video list/discuss the key concepts you learned.

The video, Architecture: The Science of Design, goes deep into the understanding of how architecture exactly works and how certain buildings are formed – especially skyscrapers. One of the many key concepts I was informed by this video was that a skyscraper is made up of two distinct parts. The first is superstructure, which is all that stands above ground. And the second is the underground substructure.

I learned that Frank Lloyd Wright placed the door specifically not in the middle of the house so the door didn’t slam and disrupt things. I always thought he hid the door so only if you lived there you would know where it was. I also thought that the shortened ceilings were interesting. The entire prairie design is rather cool to me.

2. How do the videos relate to the readings in the text?

After reading the text, I think it is important to watch the videos because they add a lot of visual depth. The videos create a visual meaning which makes learning more fun. I like that the text mentions modern architecture such as the developments of skyscrapers and the video 'Science of Design'' further talks about how they are developed by examples in the background.

3. What is your opinion of the films? How do they add depth to understanding of Architecture?

My opinion of the films is that they were extremely informative because they explain what is in the text in a different way. I also like that we get to pick what we want to watch as some of the videos didn’t catch my attention as much as the others.

4. Why did you choose the films that you watched?
 
I started by choosing the Frank Lloyd Wright movie because I have been to Falling Waters. I really liked that house and thought I would like this video. I love how he puts the houses into the landscape and makes them as much apart of them as the landscape is apart of the house. I picked the second because it describes how buildings work.

Video blog

1. For each video list/discuss the key concepts you learned.

Through the Eyes of a Sculptor:

The key concept I learned in “Through the Eyes of a Sculpture” was that a restoration artist look at a particular sculpture and decides whether they should restore that particular piece of art or decide to produce a new one. Emmanuel Fillion was a restoration artist who started out as an apprentice and grew up to be a master carver. He started sculpting as a child.  His first work was done on restoration projects.  Today he is a master sculptor.  It takes a long time to gain the skills than Emmanuel has.  The process of creating a sculpture was also a key concept of this video.  Emmanuel makes sculptures by selecting the perfect stone.  He usually works from a model.  The model can be small or can be full size.  He makes it in clay and then creates a plaster model.  He uses the plaster model to work off of to create the final marble piece.   He must also take care not to carve the marble in a way that could weaken it.  Also, the sculpture needs to have feelings about the piece in order to carve or preserve life back into it.

Glass and Ceramics:

The key concepts for this video is the creation and applications of glass and ceramic.  Glass is made from sand.  The sand or silicon dioxide and fluxes are heated to 1500 degrees Celsius.  The sand essentially melts and fuses.  The glass can then be shaped.   Once the object is created it is reheated to harden it.  Variations of the glass making process can be used to create items for architecture such as stained glass windows, which uses pieces of old glass.  Ceramics are made by using clay, which is composed of aluminum silicates.  When these silicates are heated they harden.  The clay is first molded into the desired shape and then heated in a kiln. Ceramics are widely used and can be stronger than steel. 

Installation Art:

The main concept of this video is the definition of installation art and examples of the style.  According to the video installation art works are three dimensional art works that occupy a space.  There are different types on installation art. Installation art can really use almost any material in any space.  They tend to be works of land art, environmental art and video installation. It is intended to get the viewer thinking about the space.  Entire buildings have been turned into installations such as Richard Wilson's work with the Ark Art Building.  This type of art makes the viewer contemplate the size and shape of the room they are in.  It also makes the viewer think about how they fit into the room as a person in the space.   

2. How do the videos relate to the readings in the text?

These videos restate what the text tells us. The videos help me to learn the information better.

3. My opinion of all three videos was that they were interesting and enjoyable to watch.  I enjoyed the sculpture video the best because it showed a lot of the different sculptures and their carvings. It is quite a talent to be able to carve these sculptures. The process in all three videos provided me with understanding about these unique forms of art and how the designer makes them special